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Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1596-6

摘要：

● Health hazards of plastic waste on environment are discussed.

关键词： Plastic-waste Polymers Health-hazards Biodegradation Microorganisms Enzymes

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Floating forest: A novel breakwater-windbreak structure against wind and wave hazards

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1111-1127 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0757-1

摘要： A novel floating breakwater-windbreak structure (floating forest) has been designed for the protection of vulnerable coastal areas from extreme wind and wave loadings during storm conditions. The modular arch-shaped concrete structure is positioned perpendicularly to the direction of the prevailing wave and wind. The structure below the water surface acts as a porous breakwater with wave scattering capability. An array of tubular columns on the sloping deck of the breakwater act as an artificial forest-type windbreak. A feasibility study involving hydrodynamic and aerodynamic analyses has been performed, focusing on its capability in reducing wave heights and wind speeds in the lee side. The study shows that the proposed 1 km long floating forest is able to shelter a lee area that stretches up to 600 m, with 40%–60% wave energy reduction and 10%–80% peak wind speed reduction.

关键词： floating structure breakwater windbreak hydrodynamic CFD

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Primary health care for all by 2020: The systematic reform of the medical and health system in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 3-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0024-7

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The next step of community health construction: Training general practitioners and implementing health

Kan ZHANG MM, Wei DONG MM, Ying-Yao CHEN MD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 134-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0041-6

摘要： This article discusses the concept of health management and stresses that community health management should be the starting point of community health service, necessitating a paradigm shift from observing the treatment-oriented medical model to observing the prevention-and-health management-based medical model. Community health construction has entered a new phase, one which highlights the need to train general practitioners in practice-based life cycle health management. In addition, general practitioners should assume the mission of implementing community health management.

关键词： community health general practitioners health management

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气象灾害预警信息广播系统总体设计与信息编码研究

张迪,李泽椿,施培量,王雪臣

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第9期页码 8-12

摘要：

提出新一代气象灾害预警信息广播系统的总体设计框架，并对气象灾害预警信息编码进行深入研究，制定气象预警信息编码格式。气象预警信息广播系统能够迅速接收、处理各种气象灾害信息，在最短的时间内向特定的区域、部门、人群发布预警信息；预警信息可以覆盖到全国，有效解决气象预警信息发布的“最后1公里”问题。

关键词：气象灾害预警信息广播系统信息编码数字音频广播技术

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Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1475-6

摘要：

• The concentrations of 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake were analyzed.

关键词： Heavy metals Human health ambient water quality criteria Taihu Lake Health risk assessment Contribution rate

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Percolation-based health management of complex traffic systems

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 557-571 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0174-0

摘要： System health management, which aims to ensure the safe and efficient operation of systems by reducing uncertain risks and cascading failures during their lifetime, is proposed for complex transportation systems and other critical infrastructures, especially under the background of the New Infrastructure Projects launched in China. Previous studies proposed numerous approaches to evaluate or improve traffic reliability or efficiency. Nevertheless, most existing studies neglected the core failure mechanism (i.e., spatio–temporal propagation of traffic congestion). In this article, we review existing studies on traffic reliability management and propose a health management framework covering the entire traffic congestion lifetime, from emergence, evolution to dissipation, based on the study of core failure modes with percolation theory. Aiming to be “reliable, invulnerable, resilient, potential, and active”, our proposed traffic health management framework includes modeling, evaluation, diagnosis, and improvement. Our proposed framework may shed light on traffic management for megacities and urban agglomerations around the world. This new approach may offer innovative insights for systems science and engineering in future intelligent infrastructure management.

关键词： traffic health health management critical infrastructure systems science and engineering

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Structural health monitoring with fiber optic sensors

F. ANSARI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第2期页码 103-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0032-y

摘要： Optical fiber sensors have been successfully implemented in aeronautics, mechanical systems, and medical applications. Civil structures pose further challenges in monitoring mainly due to their large dimensions, diversity and heterogeneity of materials involved, and hostile construction environment. This article provides a summary of basic principles pertaining to practical health monitoring of civil engineering structures with optical fiber sensors. The issues discussed include basic sensor principles, strain transfer mechanism, sensor packaging, sensor placement in construction environment, and reliability and survivability of the sensors.

关键词： Bridges structural health monitoring smart skins cracks strains displacements fiber optic sensors FBG structures

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Temporal variation of PM-associated health effects in Shijiazhuang, Hebei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1376-0

摘要：

•Annual mean PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang were 87, 95, and 82 µg/m³ in 2015–2017.

关键词： PM_2.5 Health effects Integrated exposure-response model Shijiazhuang

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Multimedia distribution and health risk assessment of typical organic pollutants in a retired industrial

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1742-9

摘要：

● A fine portrayal of organic pollutants in a retired industrial park is provided.

关键词： Organic pollutants Retired industrial park Spatial correlation Health risk assessment

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Individualized medicine, health medicine, and constitutional theory in Chinese medicine

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 1-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0173-y

摘要：

The patterns of modern science and changes in the medical model can result in the transformation of the current state of individualized and health medicines into being the primary trend in medical development. Chinese and Western medical systems are dissimilar in terms of value orientations, thinking style, and research directions because of their different historical and cultural backgrounds. Individualized treatment in modern medicine is mainly established based on individual genome information and the differences in mononucleotide polymorphi-sms. However, such treatment method is expensive, creates an uncertain genetic marker, and leads to different result interpretations, among other problems. The Chinese constitutional theory developed in the 1970s expresses the principle behind Chinese health medicine and individual treatment and provides the corresponding methods. The Chinese constitutional theory divides the constitution of the Chinese population into nine categories based on established classification criteria. It promotes the study of the relationship of each constitution to diseases and Chinese medicine preparation toward adjusting the constitution and preventing diseases. The theory also provides methods and tools for individualized treatment. Constitution identification shows the direction and provides the core technology for the evaluation of the health status. By combining the developments in modern biotechnology, new diagnostic techniques and treatment models of constitution-differentiation, disease-differentiation, and syndrome-differentiation can be established for the development of individualized Chinese medicine treatment and health medicine for the international medical community.

关键词： individualized medicine health medicine constitutional theory in Chinese medicine

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平朔井工开采煤层顶底板水文地质条件评价及防治水对策研究

张忠温,武强,付恩俊,樊振丽

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第11期页码 94-101

摘要：

针对平朔井工一矿所面临的煤层顶底板水害威胁，在分析矿井采矿、地质等条件的基础上，确定了与煤层顶底板水文地质条件相关的若干因素，分别运用“三图法”和“脆弱性指数法”对该矿煤层顶板涌突水条件和底板突水脆弱性进行了评价，并制定了具体的防治水措施。

关键词：三图法脆弱性指数法煤矿水害防治水对策

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海底地质灾害发育特征与监测技术研究现状及展望

申艳军,彭建兵,贾永刚,马鹏辉,范文,沈伟,田兆阳 ,霍秉尧

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 95-108 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.009

摘要：

在“海洋强国”建设背景下我国海洋资源开发活动逐步延伸至深海，然而海底地质条件恶劣，重大海底地质灾害问题成为海洋资源开发的制约性因素，需要全面了解海底地质灾害典型发育特征与成因规律、总结典型海底地质灾害监测技术及方法。本文概述了海底地质灾害及其监测研究历程，梳理了海底地质灾害常见发育类型及特点、海底地质灾害演化机制研究现状，海底地质灾害监测技术、海底地质灾害监测网研究进展。研究认为，深化环大陆架盆地海底地质灾害评价理论与方法、加强环大陆架盆地海底地质灾害灾变机理及预测预报、开展海底地质灾害探测 / 监测方法与临兆识别研究，以此深化关键科学问题认知；构建完备的环大陆架盆地海底地质灾害数据库、形成详实的南海环大陆架海域海底资源分布及工程设施信息库、发展海底地质灾害运动演化过程可视化仿真模拟技术、构建多圈层 – 多灾种海底地质灾害协同监测体系及预警网络，以此突破关键技术瓶颈。

关键词：海底地质灾害；演化规律；成因机制；监测技术

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Effective interventions on health effects of Chinese rural elderly under heat exposure

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1545-4

摘要：

● Education and subsidy were effective interventions during short-term heat exposure.

关键词： High temperature Health effect Comprehensive evaluation Intervention Rural elderly

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E-waste environmental contamination and harm to public health in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 220-228 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0391-1

摘要：

The adverse effects of electronic waste (e-waste) on the human body have stirred up concern in recent years. China is one of the countries that confront serious pollution and human exposure of e-waste, and the majority of the population is exposed to potentially hazardous substances that are derived from informal e-waste recycling processes. This study reviews recent reports on human exposure to e-waste in China, with particular focus on exposure routes (e.g., inhalation and ingestion) and several toxicities of human (e.g., endocrine system, respiratory system, reproductive system, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and genetic toxicity). Pieces of evidence that associate e-waste exposure with human health effects in China are assessed. The role of toxic heavy metals (e.g., lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and nickel) and organic pollutants (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs), bisphenol A (BPA)) on human health is also briefly discussed.

关键词： e-waste heavy metal organic pollutant hazardous toxicity human health China